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Wine in China

 

Fam.A.H.Eykhoff

    Ingeborg

 

Fam.G.P.Eykhoff

    Astrid

 

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Contents

 

Contents.........................................................................................................................III

In memory of Pieter Eijkhoff (9-4-1929 - 15-11-2000)............................................V

Preface...........................................................................................................................VII

Notational conventions...............................................................................................IX

 

1. 'Wine' in Chinese literature and in other parts of Chinese culture................1

1.1 Wine in China.........................................................................................................1

1.2 Wine in literature (poetry).........................................................................................2

1.3 Wine in literature (prose)........................................................................................12

1.4 Wine vessels ........................................................................................................17

1.5 Wine in music, opera.............................................................................................19

1.6 Wine in medicine...................................................................................................22

1.7 Wine in rites; other cultural relations with wine..........................................................22

2. Alcoholic beverages in China and their developments..................................23

2.1 Chinese inventions..................................................................................................23

2.2 Different kinds of alcoholic beverages........................................................................25

2.3 Inventions and discoveries........................................................................................30

2.4 Techniques used.....................................................................................................30

3. Wine from grapes; its development through history......................................31

3.1 From the beginning.................................................................................................31

3.2 Indigenous grapes, imported grapes.........................................................................32

3.3 The role of western missionaries..............................................................................34

3.4 Early wineries.........................................................................................................34

3.5 Joint ventures.........................................................................................................35

4. Regions, climates and soils...................................................................................37

4.1 Production of fruit...............................................................................................37

4.2 Regions, suitable for viticulture............................................................................38

5. Wineries, including joint ventures....................................................................41

5.1 Yantai Winery [Yantai jiuchang]............................................................................45

5.2 Sino-Japanese Friendship Winery Co....................................................................48

5.3 Beijing Winery ....................................................................................................49

5.4 Dragon Seal Wines Corporation or Beijing Friendship Winery Co., Ltd......................54

5.5 Beijing Pernod-Ricard Winery...............................................................................62

5.6 Qingdao Huaguan Wines & Spirits Co. .................................................................63

5.7 Sino-Foreign Joint-Venture Huadong Winery Co., Ltd. ............................................68

5.8 Great Wall Wine Company, Ltd. ...........................................................................76

5.9 China Great Wall Wine Company, Ltd. ..................................................................79

5.10 Sino-French Joint-Venture Dynasty Winery Ltd. (SFJVDW) ...................................85

5.11 Beijing Eastern Winery........................................................................................91

5.12 Tian Ma Wines & Spirits Co. Ltd..........................................................................93

5.13 Summer Palace..................................................................................................94

5.14 Zhengzhou Brewery.............................................................................................95

5.15 Marco Polo Winery..............................................................................................96

5.16 Yunmont.............................................................................................................97

5.17 Zhenjiang Hengshun Governmental Soysauce-Vinegar Works..................................98

5.18 Zhongshan Meiyile Food Producers.......................................................................99

5.19 Tong Hua Winery; China National Cereal and Foodstuff Import and Export  Corp......100

5.20 Zhe Jiang Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs Import & Export Co., Ltd...............................103

5.21 Zhengzhou Oriental Wine Industry Development Co...............................................104

5.22 Shanghai LiHua Wine Co., Ltd.............................................................................105

5.23 Qingdao Dongni Winery Co..................................................................................106

5.24 Calvin Winery Co., Ltd.........................................................................................107

5.25 Chuan Wine General Co......................................................................................108

5.26 Yuquan Winery...................................................................................................109

5.27 Qing Xu Winery...................................................................................................110

5.28 LingZhou Winery.................................................................................................111

5.29 Shanshan Winery...............................................................................................112

5.30 Heavenly Palace Winery Co.................................................................................114

5.31 China Mingquan Tianyu Wine Co., Ltd..................................................................115

5.32 Lian Yun Gang Winery........................................................................................117

5.33 Hua Xia..............................................................................................................118

5.34 Handan Congtai Wine Business Co......................................................................119

5.35 Danyang Winery.................................................................................................122

5.36 Yi Yang..............................................................................................................124

5.37 Shaoxing Yellow Wine Group...............................................................................125

5.38 Zhejiang Zhizhonghe Wine Industry Co., Ltd..........................................................126

6. Education and research on vine and wine......................................................129

6.1 Universities and other institutions...........................................................................129

7. Prospects..................................................................................................................135

7.1 Developments in Chinese society...........................................................................135

7.2 Quality control and brand protection........................................................................137

7.3 The commercial perspectives inside China...............................................................137

7.4 China and the international market..........................................................................140

A Literature references...............................................................................................157

B Index; names and subjects...................................................................................163

C Appendices...............................................................................................................165

C-1 Abbreviations used................................................................................................165

C-2 Measures and weights...........................................................................................165

C-3 Chinese Dynasties and Historical Periods...............................................................166

C-4 Transcriptions of Chinese sounds...........................................................................167

C-5 Producers index ...................................................................................................168

C-6 Products index......................................................................................................172

C-7 Organisations index...............................................................................................174

C-8 Addresses of educational and research institutes.....................................................177

C-9 Acknowledgements...............................................................................................179

 

laatste wijziging: 23-02-2003